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Biographic Memoirs quantity 91 contains the biographies of deceased contributors of the nationwide Academy of Sciences and bibliographies in their released works. each one biographical essay used to be written by way of a member of the Academy acquainted with the pro profession of the deceased. For historic and bibliographical reasons, those volumes are worthy returning to time and again. 

Charles Doolittle Walcott (1850-1927) is a hugely revered determine in heritage of geology and paleontology. probably his so much amazing contribution to his box used to be his discovery of the center Cambrian Burgess Shale, essentially the most very important fossil discoveries ever made. as well as his individual box paintings, Walcott's profession incorporated years of provider as an administrative chief within the clinical neighborhood; as director of the U.S. Geological Survey, as secretary of the Smithsonian Institute, as organizer of the nationwide house an Aeronautics management, as a founding member of the nationwide examine Council, and as president of the nationwide Academy of Sciences. Smithsonian establishment Secretary keeps the tale Ellis L. Yochelson all started in Charles Doolittle Walcott, Paleontologist (1998). utilizing Walcott?s letters and journals and the reminiscences of acquaintances and co-workers, Yochelson discusses Walcott?s lifestyles and profession as secretary of the Smithsonian establishment. As secretary, he labored tirelessly to revitalize the dispirited association, scuffling with for investment, acceptance and aid from presidents, Congress, and most people. in the course of his tenure, the establishment flourished. he's credited with construction the Freer Gallery of paintings and with laying the principles for the nationwide Air and house Museum, the nationwide Portrait Gallery, and the nationwide Museum of yankee paintings. Accompanies through illustrations, images from inner most collections and the Smithsonian documents, this simple biography of Charles Doolittle Walcott bargains readers a glance on the existence and occupation of this crucial yet little recognize American scientist.

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716) gilt als das letzte Universalgenie. Beim Erwachen hatte der Philosoph, Mathematiker und Erfinder "schon so viele Einfälle, dass der Tag nicht ausreichte, um sie niederzuschreiben", hat er selbst bekannt. Die Philosophie- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte hat den Blick vor allem auf seine Werke gerichtet, aber auch den Menschen Leibniz kennenzulernen ist faszinierend. In dieser Lebensbeschreibung wird er zum ersten Mal als individual lebendig. Dank der Darstellungskunst des Verfassers fühlt guy sich dem Genie und dem Menschen Leibniz trotz all seiner Schwächen so nahe, dass guy sein Altwerden und sein Sterben voller Mitgefühl, ja mit Trauer erlebt. Aber auch die neue Mathematik, die Monaden oder die Theorie von der besten aller Welten werden so einleuchtend erklärt, dass auch ein philosophischer Laie versteht, worum es dem großen Philosophen ging. Eike Christian Hirsch zeichnet mit dem Portrait dieses sonderbaren, schwierigen und doch liebenswerten Mannes auch ein Bild der Epoche um 1700, deren überragender Kopf Leibniz war.

If now not for the paintings of his part cousin Francis Galton, Charles Darwin's evolutionary thought may need met a a bit of diversified destiny. particularly, without direct facts of typical choice and no convincing concept of heredity to give an explanation for it, Darwin wanted a mathematical rationalization of variability and heredity. Galton's paintings in biometry―the software of statistical ways to the organic sciences―laid the principles for accurately that. This e-book deals readers a compelling portrait of Galton because the "father of biometry," tracing the advance of his rules and his accomplishments, and putting them of their clinical context.

Though Michael Bulmer introduces readers to the curious proof of Galton's life―as an explorer, as a polymath and member of the Victorian highbrow aristocracy, and as a proponent of eugenics―his leader trouble is with Galton's pioneering reports of heredity, during which he invented the statistical instruments of regression and correlation. Bulmer describes Galton's early objectives and experiments―his investigations of difficulties of evolutionary value (such because the evolution of gregariousness and the functionality of sex), and his stream from the improvement of a physiological conception to a only statistical concept of heredity, in line with the homes of the traditional distribution. This paintings, culminating within the legislation of ancestral heredity, additionally placed Galton on the center of the sour clash among the "ancestrians" and the "Mendelians" after the rediscovery of Mendelism in 1900. a swish author and a professional biometrician, Bulmer information the eventual triumph of biometrical equipment within the background of quantitative genetics in response to Mendelian rules, which underpins our figuring out of evolution today.

This quantity of Geographers Biobibliographical Studies brings jointly essays on 4 Frenchmen, a Czech, and 3 Englishmen. The lives of our matters expand from the past due Enlightenment and the period of 'polite technology' in Regency Britain to the 1st decade of the twenty first century. those geographers and their stories are associated not just of their neighborhood services - from Brazil, French Indo-China to Scandinavia and South Africa - but additionally by way of their dedication to the improvement of geography as a technological know-how and as a self-discipline. the following, in several settings and at assorted instances, we will see how the lived adventure of geographers' lives formed the contours of the subject.

Sir John Lubbock (1834-1913), first Lord Avebury, was once a number one determine within the medical, political and financial global of Victorian Britain, and his existence offers an illuminating case examine into the ways in which those assorted elements have been interlinked in the course of the 19th century. Born right into a Kent banking relations, Lubbock's schooling used to be significantly motivated through his neighbour, Charles Darwin, and after the e-book of The beginning of Species, he used to be one among his so much vocal supporters. A pioneer of either entomology and archaeology and a profitable writer, Lubbock additionally ran the relatives financial institution from 1865 till his demise in 1913, and served as a Liberal MP from 1870 till his ennoblement in 1900. In a majority of these roles he proved super winning, however it is the inter-relations among technology, politics and enterprise that kinds the center of this ebook. particularly it explores the best way Lubbock acted as a hyperlink among the clinical worlds of Darwin, Huxley and Tyndall, the political international of Gladstone and Chamberlain and the company global of Edison and Carnegie. by means of tying those threads jointly this examine exhibits the $64000 position Lubbock performed in defining and popularising the Victorian excellent of development and its dating to society, tradition and Empire.

Walter Benjamin wird oft als Kulturkritiker angesehen, dessen überwältigendes Aufgebot an herausragenden und eigenwilligen Werken nicht viel mehr zusammenhält als der Eindruck, sie trügen den Stempel seines nicht weiter zu spezifizierenden „Genius“. In Eli Friedlanders Darstellung ist Benjamins OEuvre ein einzigartiges kohärentes philosophisches procedure, das fest in der philosophischen Denktradition verankert ist.
Friedlander findet bereits in Benjamins Frühwerk die Grundgedanken vorformuliert, die für die unterschiedlichen Schichten seines philosophischen Vorhabens charakteristisch sind. Er führt den Leser von da aus zu Benjamins Überlegungen zum „dialektischen Bild“, einem Schlüsselbegriff des Passagenwerks, zur Natur der Sprache, der Beziehung zwischen Schönheit und Wahrheit, der „Verkörperung von Ideen“, zu Traum und geschichtlichem Erwachen, zum Verhältnis von Mythos und Geschichte sowie dem, was once Benjamin „Nachleben“ und „Verwirklichung der Bedeutung“ nennt. Diese Ideen werden sowohl systematisch aus sich selbst heraus wie auch in Bezug auf Schlüsselgestalten der Philosophiegeschichte untersucht. Im Zentrum steht das Passagenwerk. Friedlander begreift dieses unvollendete Werk als die zentrale Bühne, auf der die früheren philosophischen Grundgedanken ihren Auftritt haben.

„Friedlanders klare Darstellung bringt zum ersten Mal die konzeptionelle Einheit, Tiefe und Originalität von Benjamins philosophischem Denken ans Licht.“
David E. Wellbery

Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn (1851-1922) of the college of Groningen was once one of many ultimate astronomers of his time, leading to a number one position across the world of Dutch astronomy in the course of the 20th century. This quantity, that's the court cases of a different `legacy' symposium on the get together of the 385th anniversary of the collage of Groningen, addresses Kapteyn's impression at the improvement of contemporary astronomy via experiences of his pioneering paintings on statistical astronomy and the constitution of the Sidereal approach, and his management in setting up foreign collaborations, specifically the Plan of chosen components. additionally to historic reviews concerning Kapteyn's individual, paintings, overseas collaborations and organisational efforts, the amount discusses the impact of Kapteyn at the internationalisation of astronomy and on modern astronomy. It additionally presents a list of Kapteyn's correspondence.

mind's eye is greater in Texas, too. This choice of inspiring and sometimes quirky tales highlights dozens of examples of innovation from Lone celebrity background. The Hamill brothers devised a greater oil good to arrive gushers at Spindletop. the 1st Neiman-Marcus shop opened in Dallas in 1907, revolutionizing the retail model global. Astroturf emerged on the Astrodome in 1966. Fritos and corn canines are only ubiquitous snack meals claimed as Texan originals. Houston local, and civil rights activist, Congresswoman Barbara Jordan rose to nationwide prominence as a voice of team spirit in the course of the Watergate scandal. writer Alan C. Elliott information those and plenty of extra classes in luck in Texas Ingenuity.